Everything about the Civilista Party totally explained
The
Civilista Party (
Partido Civil) was a conservative party in
Peru.
Founded as a counter measure against the growing power of the military in Peru during the first half of the Republic, the party's sole purpose was to establish a civilian rule in the country. This, however, didn't prevented them from creating political alliances with the military during its first years of existence. Founded in 1872, the party's first candidate was its founder,
Manuel Pardo, who was successfully elected on
August 2,
1872.
During the decade of 1870s, economic growth and a certain degree of political stability had laid the conditions for creating the country's first political party. It was also a new era of international trade, business, and finance that Peru was benefiting from. Some believed that this era required the managerial skills that an educated and professional
Elite could provide and believed
Manuel Pardo was apt for this job.
The Civilista Party was first primarily composed of the newly rich merchants, planters, and businesspeople in Peru (especially those who benefited themselves with the
Guano Boom exportations). The members of the party believed that the military was corrupt and no longer capable of ruling the country, and that it was more apt to serve it militarily than to rule it politically.
After the
War of the Pacific and a successful revolution (that removed the military from power once again), the Party played a key role in the reconstruction of the country. Reviving its antimilitary and pro-export program, they secured the support of its constituents. Most of its members were part of the economic and
social elite established in
Lima.
Between 1899 and 1920, most Peruvian presidents had been members of this Party. This period of Peruvian History is often call the
Aristocratic Republic (coined by Peruvians referring to the social elite that governed them). Elections, however, were restricted, subject to strict property and literacy qualifications, and more often than not manipulated by the incumbent Civilista regime.
The party, as a mayor political force, was disbanded during the so-called
oncenio (11 years of power) of
Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo's second term.
Presidents that were elected under the Civilista Party banner
Presidents that started their political careers under the Civilista Party banner, but later defected
Guillermo Billinghurst
Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
Manuel Prado y UgartecheFurther Information
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